Adsorption
The attachment of molecules from gaseous or liquid phases on the surface of a solid; also used as a cleaning step

Balloon
Rubber balloon to collect depressurized helium

Bath cooling
Type of refrigeration in which the object to be cooled is placed in a coolant-filled bath (uses exclusively heat of vaporization)

Brayton cycle
Cooling of gas under high pressure in the counterflow followed by expansion in an expander with work output, heat uptake and heating in a counterflow unit

Buffer
Pressure vessel, covering entire range of working pressures in a system, used to regulate the quantity of gas in a cycle

Claude process
Combination of Brayton cycle and Joule-Thomson cycle

CLTS
Cryogenic Linear Temperature Sensor: temperature sensor with almost linear characteristics

Coalescer
Cleaning step for removal of liquid particles from the gas phase in which small particles are bonded with larger particles

Cold compressor
Compressor which sucks in cold gas (up to ?°C) and compresses it; exists as piston or turbo compressor

Cold water refrigerator
Cooling aggregate for production of coolant

Condensate separator
Collecting vessel for water; also for oil

Cooling tower
Cooling by means of evaporation of water (a distinction is made between open and cold cooling towers, the latter having secondary cycles)

Counterflow heat exchanger
A heat exchanger in which the primary coolant flows in the secondary coolant or counterflow; essential for low-temperature systems

Cryo pump
Low-temperature cooling of surface in a vacuum container causing gaseous residues to separate off by condensing or freezing

Cryogen
From krúos (Greek): icy cold, frost; the relevant temperature range for technical gases is below ?°C

Cryostat
Insulated container suitable for housing a superconducting magnet, which must be cooled to a very low temperature